Approaches to Art Therapy by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor and Francis

Engagement and Flow

Flow, a state of effortless concentration, focus, and attention (Csikszentmihalyi, 1991), is another critical element of engagement. When we are in flow, there is a loss of self-consciousness. We become so engrossed that our experience of time is altered—we have a sense that it is either speeding up, or that what felt like hours was only minutes. Flow occurs when there is a balance between skill and effort, when the activity is challenging enough that it is not boring, but not so challenging that it feels insurmountable (Csikszentmihalyi, 1991). Because flow is intrinsically rewarding, it naturally leads to an increase in positive emotions and improved well-being (Rogatko, 2009). Csikszentmihalyi (1991) wrote that flow is essential for a full and happy life, because it is a crucial part of what makes life worth living.

We know from personal experience and empirical research that art making induces flow (Burkewitz, 2014; Lee, 2009). The science of flow provides additional empirical support for an art as therapy approach. Art making channels anxiety, transforms chaotic energy, and promotes concentration. Art activities that produce absorption and deep focus—such as creating mandalas, working with clay, painting, beading, and knitting—can be very effective in inducing the experience of flow. Art therapists can promote flow in various ways, including the timing of interventions, the use of environmental elements such as music and lighting, and tasks that optimize a balance between skill and challenge (Chilton, 2013).

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